Which countries surround Afghanistan?
Iran is to the west, Pakistan is to the east and south, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are to the north, and Turkmenistan is to the northwest.
1. What is the highest mountain peak in Afghanistan?
Noqshakh, reaching 7,492 meters (24,580 feet).
2. What river runs through the Bamiyan Valley, once home to the famous Buddhas?
Bamyan River. The Bamyan River is a significant waterway in Afghanistan, flowing through the province of Bamyan. It holds historical and cultural importance, as it has sustained communities and agriculture in the region for centuries. The river's serene beauty amidst the rugged landscape adds to its allure, attracting visitors and serving as a vital resource for locals.
4. In what year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?
1979. The Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked the beginning of a decade-long conflict known as the Soviet-Afghan War. Prompted by the desire to support the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) against growing opposition, the invasion led to fierce resistance from Afghan mujahideen fighters, supported by various external sources including the USA. The conflict resulted in significant humanitarian consequences, including mass displacement and human rights abuses. The Soviet Union withdrew its forces in 1989, contributing to its eventual collapse and leaving Afghanistan in a state of civil war, laying the groundwork for the rise of the Taliban regime in the 1990s.
5. Which ancient Silk Road city lies in the western part of Afghanistan?
Herat, located in western Afghanistan, has been a pivotal city along the historic Silk Road, serving as a prominent center for trade, culture, and intellectual exchange. As a crucial stop on this ancient network of trade routes connecting East and West, Herat flourished as a hub for merchants from diverse backgrounds, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between the civilizations of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Its strategic location made it a melting pot of cultures, religions, and languages, leaving a rich legacy of architectural marvels, artistic traditions, and scholarly achievements that reflect its role as a vibrant crossroads of civilizations along the Silk Route.
6. What is the currency of Afghanistan?
Afghani (AFN). It has been the official currency since the 1920s and is nominally subdivided into 100 puls, although pul coins are no longer in circulation.
7. How many provinces does Afghanistan have?
Afghanistan is divided into **34 provinces**. Each province has its own governor and capital city, and they are further divided into districts and villages. The provinces vary in size and population, with Kabul Province being the most populous and Kandahar Province being the largest by area.
8. What is the name of the ancient city buried beneath the modern city of Kandahar?
Mundigak, an ancient archaeological site located in the Kandahar Province of Afghanistan, holds immense historical significance as one of the earliest known urban settlements in the region. Dating back to the 4th millennium BCE, Mundigak was a thriving center of early civilization, featuring advanced architectural structures, pottery production, and evidence of trade connections with neighboring regions. Excavations at Mundigak have unearthed remnants of a sophisticated society, shedding light on the cultural, economic, and social dynamics of ancient South Asia.
9. What was the nickname given to Afghanistan during the Cold War?
Afghanistan's nickname, "graveyard of empires," stems from its history of thwarting major powers. Its rugged terrain, independent tribes, guerilla warfare prowess, and external support create a potent cocktail of resistance. From the British Empire to the Soviet Union and even the US-led intervention, empires have been lured in but ultimately worn down and ejected, solidifying Afghanistan's image as a land where conquest goes to die.
10. What natural disaster severely impacted Afghanistan in 2022?
In June 2022, tragedy struck Afghanistan as a 6.2 magnitude earthquake ripped through the southeastern provinces, particularly devastating Paktika, Paktia, Khost, and Nangarhar. With tremors felt across neighboring countries, the quake unleashed widespread destruction, collapsing homes, triggering landslides, and leaving over 1,000 people dead and thousands more injured. Despite the challenging terrain and ongoing political turmoil, international aid poured in, but the scars of this natural disaster, both physical and emotional, linger in the affected communities.
Culture and Society
11. What is the official language of Afghanistan?
Dari and Pashto. While Dari and Pashto are both official languages of Afghanistan, they paint distinct linguistic landscapes. **Dari, a Persian dialect related to Farsi, acts as the lingua franca, spoken by around half the population and used in business and education. Pashto, the language of the Pashtun ethnic group, serves as the national language and holds cultural significance for over two-fifths of Afghans.** Despite sharing the Arabic script, they belong to different language families, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of cultures shaping Afghanistan's linguistic identity.
12. What percentage of the Afghan population is Pashtun, the largest ethnic group?
Approximately 40%. Pashtuns, an estimated 59 million strong, straddle the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, forming the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. United by the Pashto language and the Pashtunwali code of honor, they hold pride in their fierce independence and rich history spanning millennia. Primarily farmers and herders, many trace their ancestry back to ancient tribes and hold onto traditions like the Attan war dance and hospitality towards guests. While their land has seen conflict and hardship, Pashtuns remain deeply connected to their cultural identity and continue to play a pivotal role in the region's story.
13. What is the traditional national dish of Afghanistan?
Kabuli pulao, Afghanistan's national dish, is a symphony of color and flavor. Fluffy, long-grain rice is studded with jewel-toned raisins and caramelized carrots, while tender chunks of lamb add protein and savory depth. This dish isn't just about taste, it's a cultural experience. Traditionally cooked in a kazan (large pot), the aroma fills the air, symbolizing warmth and hospitality. Each bite carries the whisper of spices like cumin, black pepper, and cardamom, while toasted almonds and pistachios add a delightful crunch. Whether served at a festive gathering or a family meal, Kabuli pulao is more than just food, it's a celebration of Afghan heritage and tradition.
14. What is the national sport of Afghanistan?
Cricket. From refugee camps to the international stage, Afghan cricket has risen like a phoenix. Emerging from obscurity after decades of war, the national team achieved Test status in 2017, stunning the world with their aggressive batting and spin bowling. Though young, they hold the record for the second-highest T20I score ever, captivating fans with their fearless style. Despite facing logistical challenges and security concerns, their passion and dedication continue to inspire, making them a symbol of hope and resilience for their nation. As they climb the rankings and compete with cricketing giants, Afghanistan cricket looks poised to write even more exciting chapters in its remarkable journey.
15. What traditional musical instrument is known for its distinctive sound in Afghan music?
The Rubab, Afghanistan's soul stirring national instrument, isn't just a stringed companion; it's a storyteller. Carved from mulberry wood, its deep, resonant tones weave tales of joy, sorrow, and resilience, echoing through centuries of Afghan culture. Plucked like a lute, its melodies evoke vast landscapes, from the rugged mountains to bustling bazaars. Renowned as the "lion of instruments," the Rubab has graced royal courts and village gatherings alike, carrying the whispers of Sufi poetry and the spirit of Pashtunwali code. More than just music, it's a cultural thread binding Afghans together, a timeless voice keeping their heritage alive.
16. What traditional form of dance is often performed at weddings and celebrations?
Attan, Afghanistan's vibrant national dance, takes center stage at celebrations, weddings, and even as a symbol of national pride. Performed by men in a synchronized circle, dancers hold hands and move in unison, taking steps forward and backward while clapping their hands. Rhythmic beats from a dhol (drum) and harmonium guide their movements, creating a captivating spectacle of energy and unity.
17. What is the traditional headwear worn by many Afghan men?
Pakol, a sheepskin hat.
18. What is the main religion practiced in Afghanistan?
Islam (over 99%).
19. What is the name of the traditional Afghan carpet known for its intricate designs?
Ghilīm.
20. What is the traditional form of medicine practiced in Afghanistan, utilizing herbal remedies?
Unani Tibb.
Current Events and Challenges
21. When did the Taliban regain control of Afghanistan in 2021?
August 15th.
22. What humanitarian challenges is Afghanistan currently facing?
Poverty, famine, and limited access to healthcare.
23. What is the status of women's rights in Afghanistan under Taliban rule?
Severely restricted compared to previous years.
24. What was the name of the US military operation in Afghanistan that began in 2001?
Operation Enduring Freedom.
25. What is the main source of income for many Afghans living in rural areas?
Agriculture.
26. What is the name of the terrorist group that originated in Afghanistan and carried out the 9/11 attacks?
Al-Qaeda.
27. What is the estimated population of Afghanistan?
Approximately 39 million.
28. What is the official name of the current government of Afghanistan under the Taliban?
Islamic